グローバルオクトパス

The octopus sector comprises all octopus species (families Octopodidae, Eledonidae). Octopuses are mostly traded frozen; only small volumes are traded fresh/prepared or preserved. Octopuses have high natural mortality and sensitivity to environmental conditions, so classic management measures may not be adequate for some species. At a global scale, most octopus production comes from artisanal fishing spread across large areas and involving many vessels, fishers, and low-impact fishing gear. A relevant volume of octopus is also caught as bycatch in bottom-trawl fisheries.

The artisanal and geographically distributed nature of octopus fisheries also necessitates a co-management approach, which will require investments in basic fisheries management in some countries. SFP has launched a new strategic initiative focused on small-scale fisheries, with a specific focus on the use of co-management approaches to address fishery improvements within fisheries that have a high proportion of small-scale fishers.

Some globally relevant fisheries that are key to export markets have been assessed and already have some management strategies in place (Morocco, Mauritania, and Mexico). However, stock assessments are not carried out regularly and/or lack sufficient scientific robustness, and there are weaknesses in management. Furthermore, illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing is widespread in these fisheries, and there is a lack of institutional and supply-chain transparency.

Other fisheries of importance (Senegal, South American, and Southeast Asian fisheries) have not been a priority for management authorities, resulting in a lack of data and fisheries management. In 2020, mislabeling issues were identified in the US market, particularly with O. cyanea from Southeast Asia. These issues prevent the SR from engaging buyers in sustainability initiatives.

以下は、Global Octopus SRのワークプランの活動内容と参加者の期待値です：

1. Improvements in science-based management in fisheries with market leverage (Morocco, Mauritania, and Mexico)

現在進行中または将来の漁業改善プロジェクトの開発と適切な進捗を支援する：

For the octopus fisheries in Morocco, Mauritania, and Mexico, SFP will work with the SR to promote a traditional FIP approach. If a FIP launch and implementation are not possible, the SR will maintain updated FishSource profiles and address the weaknesses identified.

2. Improvements in non-managed small-scale fisheries with a lack of market leverage and mislabeling issues

共同管理戦略の策定と実施により、漁業評価と管理を改善する。

参加者は、特定のFIPsにおいて、漁業者の参加と指導力強化のための関連活動を要請・支援し、サプライヤーと協力して、小規模漁業者からの調達の程度を理解するためにサプライチェーンの見直しを実施することが推奨される。

• フィッシャーとフリート登録
• Fisher organization

SR参加者のこうした取り組みを支援するため、SFPは共同管理の取り組みに関する資料の作成とトレーニングの提供を行います。

3.市場レバレッジの改善

米国、スペイン、イタリア、日本、韓国の市場において、フードサービス部門への業界エンゲージメントを拡大させる。

• SR参加基準の強化
• Support participants in developing and improving sustainability policies

To expand participation, SFP will participate in and organize meetings and virtual webinars to inform industry about the SR’s work. For policy development, SFP will provide recommendations and specific guidance.

4.人権とデュー・ディリジェンス

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in corporate social responsibility legislation, with further regulations expected in the future. This momentum was initiated by the publication of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011. These principles are a voluntary international standard that puts the responsibility to respect human rights on businesses.

今後予想される新しい法規制に対応するため、UNGPsを実施し、人権デュー・ディリジェンスに取り組むことは当たり前のことになりつつあり、これを怠ると将来訴訟に発展する可能性がある。

The SR participants will be trained in developing a corporate social responsibility policy. Additionally, the SR participants will engage by 1) identifying appropriate tools and schemes to conduct HR due diligence in their businesses, 2) cooperating with experts to develop HR assessments in major squid fishing and processing sites, and 3) implementing purchasing procedures based on recommendations issued from the assessments. These actions will all be posted on their corporate websites.

SR事務局(SFP)は、参加企業が上記のアクションを実施するために、以下の支援を行う。

1. Organizing educational and training webinars aligned with the topics of interest;
2. Coordinating with third-party experts on the launch of new projects or collaborating on existing initiatives (e.g., HRDD, FIPs, etc.); and
3. Facilitating tools to support the overall strategy of the group (i.e., FishSource).

SRサポート全般への期待

• SR への積極的な参加 - すべての参加者は、SR の公式会議/ウェビナーへの出席、参加要請への対応、ワーキンググループへの参加などを行ってください。
• FIPへの参加と支援- すべての参加者は、（可能な限り）FIP参加者から調達し、FIPのアクションプラン活動を支援する必要があります。漁業管理開発、共同管理、混獲関連に関連する追加プロジェクトも支援すること。
• FIPの進捗と関連するトレーサビリティの問題を監視する。
• イタリア、日本、韓国のバイヤーを巻き込み、業界の関与を拡大し、主要市場の代表を含める。
• Agree to the SR workplan and complete and update the SR Participation Form annually.
• New companies must cover the initial contribution of USD 5,000. Current participants must pay the annual fee of USD 1,500. Every quarter, SFP will review expenses and present potential projects or activities that may need funding for approval.
• SRへの新規応募者は、現在のSRリーダー（カルメン・ゴンサレス＝バジェス）宛にEメールで入会を申請し、意向表明書（GO SR statement of Intent）に賛同の上、秘密保持契約書に署名すること。